Drug overdose Wikipedia.The term drug overdose or simply overdose or OD describes the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater than are recommended1 or generally practiced.An overdose may result in a toxic state or death.ClassificationeditThe word overdose implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug therefore, the term is commonly only applied to drugs, not poisons, though even poisons are harmless at a low enough dosage.Drug overdoses are sometimes caused intentionally to commit suicide, parasuicide or as self harm, but many drug overdoses are accidental, the result of intentional or unintentional misuse of medication.Intentional misuse leading to overdose can include using prescribed or unprescribed drugs in excessive quantities in an attempt to produce euphoria.Usage of illicit drugs of unexpected purity, in large quantities, or after a period of drug abstinence can also induce overdose.Cocaine users who inject intravenously can easily overdose accidentally, as the margin between a pleasurable drug sensation and an overdose is small.Unintentional misuse can include errors in dosage caused by failure to read or understand product labels.Accidental overdoses may also be the result of over prescription, failure to recognize a drugs active ingredient, or unwitting ingestion by children.A common unintentional overdose in young children involves multi vitamins containing iron.Iron is a component of the hemoglobinmolecule in blood, used to transport oxygen to living cells.When we interview those who have been lucky enough not to die after an overdose, we tell them we are not going to lock them up, NYPD Commissioner.Health/HeroinUse_Dempographics_20150707.png' alt='Can You Die From A Crack Overdose Deaths' title='Can You Die From A Crack Overdose Deaths' />When taken in small amounts, iron allows the body to replenish hemoglobin, but in large amounts it causes severe p.H imbalances in the body.Breaking the biggest stories in celebrity and entertainment news.Get exclusive access to the latest stories, photos, and video as only TMZ can.B. C. opioid crisis Province on pace for more than 1,400 overdose deaths in 2017.If this overdose is not treated with chelation therapy, it can lead to death or permanent coma.The term overdose is often misused as a descriptor for adverse drug reactions or negative drug interactions due to mixing multiple drugs simultaneously.Signs and symptomseditSigns and symptoms of an overdose vary depending on the drug or toxin exposure.The symptoms can often be divided into differing toxidromes.This can help one determine what class of drug or toxin is causing the difficulties.Symptoms of opioid overdoses include slow breathing, heart rate and pulse.Opioid overdoses can also cause pinpoint pupils, and blue lips and nails due to low levels of oxygen in the blood.A person experiencing an opioid overdose might also have muscle spasms, seizures and decreased consciousness.A person experiencing an opiate overdose usually will not wake up even if their name is called or if they are shaken vigorously.Timeline of number of yearly U.S. overdose deaths from all drugs.Overdose Deaths Involving Opioids, United States, 2.Deaths per 1. 00,0.Timeline of number of yearly U.S. overdose deaths involving heroin.Timeline of number of yearly U.S. overdose deaths involving prescription opioid pain relievers.The drugs or toxins that are most frequently involved in overdose and death grouped by ICD 1.Diagnosisedit. Timeline of number of yearly U.S. overdose deaths involving cocaine.The substance that has been taken may often be determined by asking the person.However, if they will not, or cannot, due to an altered level of consciousness, provide this information, a search of the home or questioning of friends and family may be helpful.Examination for toxidromes, drug testing, or laboratory test may be helpful.Other laboratory test such as glucose, urea and electrolytes, paracetamol levels and salicylate levels are typically done.Negative drug drug interactions have sometimes been misdiagnosed as an acute drug overdose, occasionally leading to the assumption of suicide.PreventioneditThe distribution of naloxone to injection drug users and other opioid drug users decreases the risk of death from overdose.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC estimates that U.S. programs for drug users and their caregivers prescribing take home doses of naloxone and training on its utilization are estimated to have prevented 1.Healthcare institution based naloxone prescription programs have also helped reduce rates of opioid overdose in the U.S. state of North Carolina, and have been replicated in the U.S. military. 1. 41.Nevertheless, scale up of healthcare based opioid overdose interventions is limited by providers insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes towards prescribing take home naloxone to prevent opioid overdose.Programs training police and fire personnel in opioid overdose response using naloxone have also shown promise in the US.ManagementeditStabilization of the victims airway, breathing, and circulation ABCs is the initial treatment of an overdose.Ventilation is considered when there is a low respiratory rate or when blood gases show the person to be hypoxic.Monitoring of the patient should continue before and throughout the treatment process, with particular attention to temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, urine output, electrocardiography ECG and O2 saturation.Poison control centers and medical toxicologists are available in many areas to provide guidance in overdoses to both physicians and the general public.AntidoteseditSpecific antidotes are available for certain overdoses.For example, Naloxone is the antidote for opiates such as heroin or morphine.Similarly, benzodiazepine overdoses may be effectively reversed with flumazenil.As a nonspecific antidote, activated charcoal is frequently recommended if available within one hour of the ingestion and the ingestion is significant.Gastric lavage, syrup of ipecac, and whole bowel irrigation are rarely used.Epidemiology and statisticsedit4.United States in 2.Since 2. 00. 0, the drug overdose death rate has gone from 6.The National Center for Health Statistics report that 1.U. S. in the year 2.In 2. 00. 8 testimony before a Senate subcommittee, Leonard J.Paulozzi,2. 3 a medical epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stated that in 2.American lives were lost due to overdoses, and the number is growing rapidly.Paulozzi also testified that all available evidence suggests that unintentional overdose deaths are related to the increasing use of prescription drugs, especially opioid painkillers.However, the vast majority of overdoses are also attributable to alcohol. Paranormal Activity Free Download For Mobile here. It is very rare for a victim of an overdose to have consumed just one drug.Most overdoses occur when drugs are ingested in combination with alcohol.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, every day in the U.S., 4. 4 people die of drug overdoses.Drug overdose was the leading cause of injury death in 2.Among people 2. 5 to 6.There were 4. 3,9.United States in 2.Of these, 2. 2,7.The 2. 2,7. 67 deaths relating to prescription drug overdose in 2.Drug misuse and abuse caused about 2.ED visits in 2. 01.Of these, more than 1.ED visits were related to prescription drugs.Among those ED visits, 5.See alsoeditReferenceseditDefinitions Retrieved on 2.September 2. 01. 4.Stairway to Recovery Glossary of Terms.Study on fatal overdose in New York City 1.May 1. 1, 2. 00. 8What to do with leftover medicines.Medicines Talk, Winter 2.Available at Archived copy.Archived from the original on 2.Retrieved 2. 01. 0 0.Goldfrank, Lewis R.Goldfranks toxicologic emergencies.Norwalk, CT Appleton Lange.ISBN 0 8. 38. 5 3.Chandler, Stephanie.Symptoms of an opiate overdose.Live Strong. Retrieved 1.May 2. 01. 2. Overdose Death Rates.By National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA.Data Overview. Drug Overdose.CDC Injury Center.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Overdose Death Rates.By National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA.Column Fatal Drug Drug Interaction As a Differential Consideration in Apparent Suicides.Piper TM Stancliff S Rudenstine S et al.Evaluation of a naloxone distribution and administration program in New York City.Subst Use Misuse.PMID 1. 85. 70. 02.OD Prevention Program Locator.Overdose Prevention Alliance.Retrieved 1. 5 May 2.Community Based Opioid Overdose Prevention Programs Providing Naloxone United States, 2.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.December 2. 01. 0.Albert S, Brason FW 2nd, Sanford CK, Dasgupta N, Graham J, Lovette B.June 2. 01. 1. Project Lazarus community based overdose prevention in rural North Carolina.Pain Medicine. 1.
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