![]() TeX (/ ˈ t ɛ x / or / ˈ t ɛ k /, see below), stylized within the system as T e X, is a typesetting system (or "formatting system") designed and mostly written by.A TeX CD compiled by the TeX Users Groups. Contains ready-to-run TeX systems for most types of Unix, Mac OSX, and Windows, and a very complete tree of fonts and. Drupal / ˈ d r uː p əl /, a free and open source content-management framework written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License. Drupal provides. To get started with LaTeX on Linux, you're going to need to install a couple of packages: You're going to need a LaTeX distribution. This is the collection of. Drupal - Wikipedia. Drupal,[4] a free and open sourcecontent- management framework written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License.[3][5][6] Drupal provides a back- end framework for at least 2. Systems also use Drupal for knowledge management and for business collaboration.[1. As of April 2. 01. Drupal community is composed of more than 1. Drupal functionality,[1. Drupal,[1. 5] and at least 1,1. Drupal in fewer steps.[1. The standard release of Drupal, known as Drupal core, contains basic features common to content- management systems. These include user account registration and maintenance, menu management, RSS feeds, taxonomy, page layout customization, and system administration. The Drupal core installation can serve as a simple Web site, a single- or multi- user blog, an Internet forum, or a community Web site providing for user- generated content. Drupal also describes itself [1. Web application framework. When compared with notable frameworks Drupal meets most of the generally accepted feature requirements for such web frameworks.[1. Although Drupal offers a sophisticated API for developers, basic Web- site installation and administration of the framework require no programming skills.[2. Drupal runs on any computing platform that supports both a Web server capable of running PHP and a database to store content and configuration. History[edit]Latest major releases. Version. Release date. June 2. 1, 2. 01. April 1. 9, 2. 01. June 2. 1, 2. 01. February 2. 4, 2. August 1. 1, 2. 01. Drupal version 1- 6 release history timeline. Originally written by Dries Buytaert as a message board, Drupal became an open source project in 2. The name Drupal represents an English rendering of the Dutch word "druppel", which means "drop" (as in "a water droplet").[2. The name came from the now- defunct Drop. Web site, whose code slowly evolved into Drupal. Buytaert wanted to call the site "dorp" (Dutch for "village") for its community aspects, but mistyped it when checking the domain name and thought the error sounded better.[2. Interest in Drupal got a significant boost in 2. Dean. Space" for Howard Dean, one of the candidates in the U. S. Democratic Party's primary campaign for the 2. U. S. presidential election. Dean. Space used open- source sharing of Drupal to support a decentralized network of approximately 5. Dean websites that allowed users to communicate directly with one another as well as with the campaign.[2. After Dean ended his campaign, members of his Web team continued to pursue their interest in developing a Web platform that could aid political activism by launching Civic. Space Labs in July 2. Drupal technology".[2. Other companies began to also specialize in Drupal development.[2. By 2. 01. 3 the Drupal Web site listed hundreds of vendors that offered Drupal- related services.[3. As of 2. 01. 4[update] Drupal is developed by a community,[3. From July 2. 00. 7 to June 2. Drupal. org site provided more than 1. Drupal software, an increase of approximately 1. As of January 2. 01. Drupal.[3. 5] These include hundreds of well- known organizations,[3. Drupal has won several Packt Open Source CMS Awards[3. Webware 1. 00 three times in a row.[3. On March 5, 2. 00. Buytaert announced a code freeze for Drupal 7 for September 1, 2. Drupal 7 was released on January 5, 2. After that, maintenance on Drupal 5 stopped, with only Drupal 7 and Drupal 6 maintained.[4. Drupal 7 series maintenance updates are released regularly.[4. On December 1, 2. Drupal 8 started its feature completion.[4. About three years later, on October 7, 2. Drupal 8 first release candidate (rc. Drupal 8 includes new features and improvements for both users and developers, including: a revamped user interface; WYSIWYG and in- place editing; improved mobile support; added and improved key contributed modules including Views, Date, and Entity Reference; introduced a new object- oriented backend leveraging Symfony components; revamped configuration management; and improved multilingual support. Drupal 8 rc. 1 is the collective work of over 3,2. Drupal 8. 0. 0 was released on November 1. A subsequent upgrade to it is also available in the form of Drupal 8. CKEditor WYSIWYG enhancements, added APIs, an improved help page, and two new experimental modules. Experimental modules are meant for testing purposes, but are not yet fully supported. In the Drupal community, the term "core" refers to the collaboratively built codebase that can be extended through contributory modules and for versions prior to Drupal 8 is kept outside of the "sites" folder of a Drupal installation.[5. Starting with version 8, core is kept in its own 'core' sub- directory.) Drupal core is the stock element of Drupal. Bootstrap and Common libraries are defined as Drupal core and all other functionalites are defined as Drupal modules including the system module itself. In a Drupal website's default configuration, content can be contributed by either registered or anonymous users (at the discretion of the administrator) and is made accessible to web visitors by a variety of selectable criteria. As of Drupal 8, Drupal has adopted some Symfony libraries into Drupal core. Core modules also includes a hierarchical taxonomy system, which allows content to be categorized or tagged with key words for easier access.[2. Drupal maintains a detailed changelog of core feature updates by version.[5. Core modules[edit]Drupal core includes optional modules that can be enabled by the administrator to extend the functionality of the core website.[5. The core Drupal distribution provides a number of features, including: [5. Access statistics and logging. Advanced search. Blogs, books, comments, forums, and polls. Caching and feature throttling for improved performance. Descriptive URLs. Multi- level menu system. Multi- site support[5. Multi- user content creation and editing. Open. ID support. RSS feed and feed aggregator. Security and new release update notification. User profiles. Various access control restrictions (user roles, IP addresses, email)Workflow tools (triggers and actions)Core themes[edit]Drupal includes core themes, which customize the "look and feel" of Drupal sites,[5. Garland and Bartik. The Color Module, introduced in Drupal core 5. Localization[edit]As of January 2. Drupal had been made available in 1. English (the default).[5. Support is included for right- to- left languages such as Arabic, Persian, and Hebrew.[5. Drupal localization is built on top of gettext, the GNU internationalization and localization (i. Auto- update notification[edit]Drupal can automatically notify the administrator about new versions of modules, themes, or the Drupal core.[5. It's important to update quickly after security updates are released. Before updating it is highly recommended to take backup of core, modules, theme, files and database. If there is any error shown after update or new updates is not compatible with a module, then it can be quickly replace by backup. There are several backup modules available in Drupal. On October 1. 5, 2. Two weeks later the Drupal security team released an advisory explaining that everyone should act under the assumption that any site not updated within 7 hours of the announcement are infected.[5. Thus, it can be extremely important to apply these updates quickly and usage of a tool to make this process easier like drush is highly recommended. Database abstraction[edit]Prior to version 7, Drupal had functions that performed tasks related to databases, such as SQL query cleansing, multi- site table name prefixing, and generating proper SQL queries. In particular, Drupal 6 introduced an abstraction layer that allowed programmers to create SQL queries without writing SQL. Drupal 7 extends the data abstraction layer so that a programmer no longer needs to write SQL queries as text strings. It uses PHP Data Objects to abstract the database. Microsoft has written a database driver for their SQL Server.[6. Drupal 7 supports the file- based SQLite database engine, which is part of the standard PHP distribution. Windows development[edit]With Drupal 7's new database abstraction layer and ability to run on the Windows web server IIS, it is now easier for Windows developers to participate in the Drupal community. A group on Drupal. Windows issues.[6. Accessibility[edit]With the release of Drupal 7, Web accessibility has been greatly improved by the Drupal community.[6.
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